[翻译]《杀戮或被杀》节译——徒手进攻（年底将至，挖个大坑。什么时候填上说不准，怎么着也得明年吧。）
美国军用格斗术大师级人物艾普盖特的《杀戮或被杀》，被很多老美认为是同类教材中最好的一本。下面将要翻译的是这本书的徒手格斗部分。
该书有几个不同版本，1943年版和1976年版最为流行。各版本徒手格斗部分的内容差别不大。这里选用的是最早的版本——艾普盖特1942年在《步兵杂志》上连载。至于为什么选这个版本。。。因为它最短嘛。
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Introduction
引言
The Chinese, a people who invented gunpowder and the compass were also the first to develop a technique of unarmed combat. Chinese monks, to protect themselves against robber bands and nomad tribes, are said to have originated and developed man's first system of unarmed defense and offense. It was a system which has remained basically unchanged.
中国人，这个发明火药和罗盘的民族，首先发展出徒手格斗技术。据说中国僧侣为了保护自己，对抗贼寇和游牧部族，创造并发展了人类首套徒手防御和进攻体系。这套体系在本质上一直没有改变。
The Japanese, soon after the twelfth century, came interested in this type of combat and, adopting Chinese ideas, began the development of their jiu-jitsu technique. They gave to jiu-jitsu a mythological background and developed a form of religion based on the application of its principles. Before 1900 many variations of jiu-jitsu were taught. Then a professor named Kano established a school for the purpose of studying and applying this method of unarmed combat. The new system was called judo. At present judo, which has peen given an aura of mysticism, is used in body building to develop an offensive spirit. It is a part of every Jap soldier's basic training.
十二世纪后不久，日本人很快对这种格斗产生兴趣，采纳了中国人的创意，开始发展他们的柔术。他们赋予柔术一个神话背景，并根据其基本原则的运用发展出一种修行方式。1900年前，很多流派的柔术在传授。随后，一位名叫嘉纳治五郎的教授为了研究和应用这种徒手格斗方法开设了一座道场。这个新的体系称为柔道。如今，被赋予了神秘主义光环的柔道被用于身体锻炼，以培养攻击精神。它是每个日本士兵基础训练的一部分。
In the early 1920s a branch of the group using judo established itself in New York City and spread throughout larger cities in the United States. It was practiced principally by Orientals and did not gain much popularity among Americans because, as in all things Oriental it involved a tedious amount of practice and a great deal of patience. In later years, certain instructors set up schools and sought wealthy young men as pupils.
20年代早期，柔道的一个分支在纽约首传，并传播至全美各大城市。它主要由东方人练习，在美国人中未能大众化，这是由于它和其它的东方技艺一样，需要大量单调的训练和极大的耐心。在随后的若干年中，一些教练开设道场，招收富有的年轻人作为学生。
The pupil was told that he was being introduced to an age-old secret method of combat, which had come down through centuries of Japanese history, and he was then initiated into some of its basic fundamentals. As time went on and he grew more interested, he was told that for an additional sum he could learn more holds and tricks. It was a lucrative racket.
学生们被告知，传授给他们的是一种古老的秘密的格斗方法，历经日本历史上几个世纪流传下来，然后教给他们一些基础的东西。随着时间的推移，学生越发感兴趣，他被告知有更多的技巧和诀窍等着他去学。这实际是一种敛财的营生。
Between the last war and the present, a number of books were written by experts in judo, jiu-jitsu, and unarmed combat technique. All of them have stressed defense as their sole purpose. Indeed, the new Army Field Manual on this type of combat, dated June 30, 1942, is called "Unarmed Defense for the American Soldier". Instruction given in the past to police and other law enforcement men have all stressed self defense and restraint as the background of unarmed combat.
从上次战争直至今日，柔道、柔术以及徒手格斗的专家们写了相当多的书籍。它们都强调防卫是它们的唯一目标。事实上，1942年6月30日新出的关于徒手格斗的陆军战地手册的名字就叫“美国士兵徒手防卫”。以往传授给警察及其他执法人员的技术也都强调自卫，并局限于徒手格斗。
Throughout the country today numerous articles are being written for publication in magazines and news-papers, and illustrations are being printed in the rotogravure sections of leading dailies of so-called "rough stuff" and underhand tactics. Throughout our armed forces various schools of instruction and courses are being given by individuals who are qualified along orthodox lines and in many cases have had experience in ordinary police or other restraining types of manhandling. But no one has yet outlined a uniform system of instruction or a constructive training course for unarmed fighting with the grandstand and non-practical methods eliminated. Moreover the Army needs a manual on "Unarmed Offense" as well as one on unarmed defense. All unarmed combat should be taught on the theory that it is useful to a man only after he has lost his weapons.
如今国内有无数这类文章发表在杂志和报纸上，各种所谓的“暴力行为”和秘密战术图解纷纷在各大日报影印栏出现。在我们军队里，一班正宗传人纷纷开设各种流派的训练和课程，他们多数有当警察或者其它控制型打斗的经验。但是，至今还没有人整理出一个彻底剔除了表演性质和不实用技术的、成套的徒手格斗教学体系或者组织良好的训练课程。此外，军队除了徒手自卫手册外，还需要一本关于“徒手进攻”的手册。所有的徒手格斗教学都应该建立在下述理论之上：只有在丢失了武器的情况下才使用徒手格斗技术。
The knife is the ideal weapon for close work. Its use should be encouraged and adopted by all units of our armed forces because of its deadly and silent effectiveness, the confidence it gives a man skilled in its use, and the psychological effect of a bright blade upon an opponent.
短刀是近距离格斗的理想武器。它致命而无声，能给善于使用它的人带来信心，闪亮的刀锋能对对手造成心理影响，因此短刀的运用应该被大力提倡，我军的各个单位都应该采用。
Much of the close combat being taught our troops today is ineffective and impractical. This is because we do not teach a system that is simple, one that a man can execute with great speed and practice intensively until he instinctively reacts with the few blows, kicks and releases that are necessary. Then too, many of the tricks taught our men are neither practical from the standpoint of their quickness of application, nor feasible as a means of finishing an opponent permanently. They are useful only as a means of restraint. Too many instructors teach a system that implies that an opponent will remain completely passive, enabling the student to apply any hold.
如今，我们军队教授的很多近距离格斗技术都是无效的、不实用的。这是因为我们没有传授一种简单的格斗体系，这种技术能够以极大的速度施展，并不断强化训练，直到少数几种必须掌握的打、踢、解脱技术成为练习者的本能反应为止。很多教给我们士兵的技巧既无法快速施展，又不能作为彻底干掉对手的有效手段。它们仅在作为控制对手的方法时才是有效的。太多的教练传授一种指望对手完全消极被动，听凭学生使用任何固技的格斗体系。
You can't engage in unarmed combat without getting hurt. That is true despite the popular impression that such methods of combat provide fool-proof ways of subduing an opponent without personal risk.
你不可能在徒手格斗中毫发无伤。这是事实，尽管在大众的印象里，这些格斗技术能提供一种简单可靠、无需冒风险就能制服对手的方法。
A man in combat for his life quickly reverts to the animal. He may be lucid when he begins and if well trained he will automatically plan his offense. But after a few seconds, and especially after he has been hit hard and hurt by his opponent, his combat becomes instinctive. For that reason a simple type of instruction with a great deal of emphasis on the few elementary methods which can be easily and instinctively used is necessary. The trimmings are soon forgotten in a hand-to-hand encounter for life or death.
当一个人为他的性命而战时，他会迅速还原成一头野兽。刚开始时他可能仍然头脑清楚，如果他训练有素的话，会自动计划他的攻击。但几秒钟之后，特别是当他被对手重击或打伤之后，他的格斗就变成了一种本能的反应。出于这种原因，必须采用一种简单的教学体系，这种体系极度强调少数几种能够容易地、出于本能地施展的基本技术。在徒手生死格斗中，细枝末节很快就会被忘掉。
Although the style of fighting which involves kicking a man when he is down, gouging out his eyes, and kicking him in the testicles does not appeal to the average American, we must forget the Marquise of Queensberry and his often violated rules of sportsman like combat when dealing with our Jap and Nazi enemies.
尽管这种风格的格斗包括一些普通美国人难得见到的东西：当对手倒地时猛踢他、挖他的眼睛、踢他的裆，但是在对付日本和纳粹敌人的时候，我们必须忘记那位昆士伯利的侯爵以及他那种经常犯规的竞技运动式格斗的规则（指英国“昆士伯利拳击规则”——译注）。
Ruthlessness is what we seek. It is best defined by two words: speed and brutality. In this type of fighting it does not matter much what is done so long as it is done fast and energetically. Surprise and speed are the two elements of success. This applies as much to the individual as it does to the strategy of armies. Attack is always the aim and it should be carried out so that each blow is the means to, or ends in a fatality. Each attack is also a defense.
冷酷无情是我们的追求。它可以通过两个词来定义：速度和野蛮。在这种形式的格斗中，具体用了什么技术并不太重要，只要它是快速、有力地施展出来的。突然性和速度是获胜的两大要素。无论对于个人格斗还是对于军事战略，这两条都同样适用。进攻永远是我们的目标，应该采取主动进攻，使每次打击都成为致命的手段。每次进攻也就是防守。
Books on this subject illustrate many effective releases from grips around the waist, under the arms, and other encumbering holds. But their proponents have also lost sight of the fact that although these holds and releases are effective in the isolated cases of a few highly trained and experienced men, no one but an absolute fool would ever allow a man to apply them while his arms were free and his own animal fighting instincts were aroused.
格斗方面的书籍例举了很多从抱腰、臂下抱腰、以及其它擒抱中解脱出来的有效方法。但是这些技术的支持者没有看到这样一个事实：尽管这些擒抱和解脱在少数经过高度训练并拥有丰富经验的人的孤例中有效，但是当对手的双手还能用的时候，当他的野兽式的格斗本能被激发出来的时候，没有人——除非纯粹的白痴——会允许你施展这些技术。
该帖子在 2007/7/12 11:38:41 编辑过
靓仔，看你骨骼精奇，是万中无一的练武奇材，维护世界和平就靠你了。
我这儿有本秘笈，看与你有缘就十块钱卖给你吧……等等，这本书不适合？还有……
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2006-12-18 20:55:10 
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